All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between British subjects, shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the British authorities. Private individuals, in addressing superior officers, shall employ the style of petition. Persons teaching or professing it, therefore, shall alike be entitled to the protection of the Chinese authorities, nor shall any such, peaceably pursuing their calling, and not offending against the law, be persecuted or interfered with. The city carried on in a quiet way until centuries later, when it got caught up in the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s. The marshy, poorly drained area surrounding contemporary Tianjin was sparsely populated until the Song dynasty (9601126), when the settlement of Sanchakou was built on the west bank of the Hai River. . Subjects of China guilty of any criminal act toward citizens of the United States shall be punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China; and citizens of the United States, either on shore or in any merchant vessel, who may insult, trouble or wound the persons or injure the property of Chinese, or commit any other improper act in China, shall be punished only by the Consul or other public functionary thereto authorized, according to the laws of the United States. Launched in 1967, MIDEM has been a leading event for the international music industry. Communist forces took over the city in 1949, and the city remained a municipality, with the exception of the period between 1958 and 1967 when it was demoted to the capital of Hebei, another province in China. British traders were profitably importing opium into China in defiance of the Chinese regime from the early 1800s and determination to open China further to Western commerce inspired the two Opium Wars. This treaty was quickly followed by similar unequal agreements with the US and Russia. About 1.5% of the area practices Christianity, and there are also a large amount of Muslims, as Tianjin has been called a strong center of Islam..