Alcohols are characterized by #-OH# and aldehydes by #CH=O#. They cannot be hydrolyzed into a simpler form. Functional groups are groups of atoms that occur within molecules and confer specific chemical properties to those molecules. Many cells prefer glucose as a source of energy versus other compounds like fatty acids. Carbohydrates are a group of naturally occurring carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) that also contain several hydroxyl groups. The remaining six functional groups in the table all have varying degrees of hydrophilic character. Saturated fats are a solid at room temperature and usually of animal origin. start text, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text, left parenthesis, start text, C, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, end text, right parenthesis, start subscript, n, end subscript, start text, C, end text, equals, start text, O, end text, start text, C, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript, start text, H, end text, start subscript, 12, end subscript, start text, O, end text, start subscript, 6, end subscript, start text, C, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, start text, O, H, end text, start superscript, 4, comma, 5, end superscript. Generally, carbohydrates are classified into three major groups. Whenever blood glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose in a process known as glycogenolysis. Its four major element constituents are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Galactose (part of lactose, or milk sugar) and glucose (found in sucrose, glucose disaccharride) are other common monosaccharides. Q. Carbohydrates are biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of roughly one carbon atom ( \text C C) to one water molecule ( \text H_2\text O H2O ). All of those H-bonds also make them quite "sticky". Lipids with Hydrophilic Groups 3. The former sugars are called aldoses based on the aldehyde group that is formed; the latter is designated as a ketose based on the ketone group. Direct link to Amirhossein Alesheikh's post What is the advantage of , Posted 5 years ago. . Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into other smaller carbohydrates.